URINARY TRACT INFECTION

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 URINARY TRACT ,from the calyces of the kidney to the urethra,is lined with a sheet of epithelium that is continuous with that of skin.



Types Of UTI infection of the urinary tract can be anatomically classified as:


  • Uppper UTI: Involves kidney and ureter.

  • Lower UTI: Involves infectionfrom urinary bladder downwards

INFECTIONS IN UPPER UTI


  • Acute pyelitis-- Infection of the pelvis of the kidney.
  • Acute pyelonephritis--  Infection of the parenchyma of the kidney.

INFECTION IN LOWER UTI


  • Urethritis-  Infection of the urethra.
  • Cystitis-     Infection of the urinary bladder,
  • Prostatitis- Infection in prostate. 

PREDISPOSING FACTORS


Age- Incidence increases with age.

Sex-  Sexually active females are more prone to UTI due to the short urethra ,proximity to the anus and urethral trauma during intercourse.

Pregnency-  Due to hormonal changes and dilatation of ureters and renal pelvis cause UTI.


COLLECTION OF URINE SAMPLES :

  • Midstream urine(MSU)
  • Catheter sample urine(CSU)
  • Suprapubic aspirate
  • Early morning urine

DIAGNOSIS OF URINARY TRACT INFECTIONS

  1. MICROSCOPY: An uncentrifuged sample is examined by direct microscopy of pus cells and bacteria.                                                                                                                                                          
  2. SCREENING:  As urinary tract infection is such a common problem and bacteriological facilities are not always available.There are many screening techniques have been introduced.

  • Griess nitrite test
  • Catalase test
  • Triphenyltetrazoliun chloride(TTC) test
  • Gram stain
  • Glucose test paper
  • Dip slide culture

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